1995 Land Cover, Greater Connecticut

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR)

Originator: The University of Connecticut

Publication_Date: December, 2003

Title: 1995 Land Cover, Greater Connecticut

Edition: version 1.02

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Storrs, CT

Publisher: Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR)

Online_Linkage: <http://clear.uconn.edu>

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Description:

Abstract:

LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery based land cover classification, circa 1995, for the state of Connecticut including local watersheds that intersect the state boundary, and towns in south central Massachusetts that are part of the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor. The classification depicts 11 land cover categories. These are: 1. Developed, 2. Turf & Grass, 3. Other Grasses & Agriculture, 4. Deciduous Forest, 5. Coniferous Forest, 6. Water, 7. Non-forested Wetland, 8. Forested Wetland, 9. Tidal Wetland, 10. Barren Land, 11. Utility Right-of-Ways. Source Landsat TM image data were from August 28, 1995 and August 19, 1994. The classification was compiled using ERDAS Imagine 8.6 by the Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR) in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Connecticut.

Purpose:

To provide a synoptic view of general land cover for the greater Connecticut area circa 1995. The data is for general information purposes only and is not suitable for site-specific studies or litigation. The classification is intended for use in general, area-wide analysis that can tolerate the errors and inaccuracies within the data.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Multiple_Dates/Times:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: August 28, 1995: majority area coverage

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: August 19, 1994: southeast area coverage

Currentness_Reference: Time period based on satellite image collection date.

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.756235

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.737467

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.314109

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.936004

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: FGDC

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Land Use

Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing

Theme_Keyword: Classification

Theme_Keyword: LANDSAT

Theme_Keyword: Thematic Mapper

Theme_Keyword: Satellite Imagery

Place:

Place_Keyword: Connecticut

Place_Keyword:

Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR), The University of Connecticut

Contact_Person: Sandy Prisloe

Contact_Position: Geospatial Extension Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: UConn Cooperative Extension System

Address: 1066 Saybrook Road, PO Box 70

City: Haddam

State_or_Province: Connecticut

Postal_Code: 06432-0070

Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (860) 345-4511

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (860) 345-3357

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sprisloe@canr.uconn.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: clear@canr.uconn.edu

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.2.0.700

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR)

Originator: The University of Connecticut

Publication_Date: December, 2003

Title: 1995 Land Cover, Greater Connecticut

Edition: version 1.02

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Online_Linkage: <http://clear.uconn.edu>

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: TBD

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

CROSS-CORRELATION ANALYSIS: The 1995 land cover was derived from a 1990 land cover map using Cross-correlation Analysis (CCA). This method was developed by EARTHSAT, Inc. Cross-correlation works by using the land cover categories identified in the land cover image (1990) to derive an "expected" class average spectral response from another set of image data (1995 Landsat). This information is used to derive a Z-statistic for each pixel falling within a given land cover type. The Z-statistic describes how close a pixel's response is to the "expected" spectral response of its corresponding class value in the land cover image. Pixels that have undergone change between the date of the land cover image and the Landsat image will produce high Z-statistic values while pixels that have not changed will produce low Z-statistic values. The benefit of this technique is that it eliminates the problems associated with radiometric and phenological differences that are so readily experienced when performing change detection.

Process_Date: 2002

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Address:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

APPLICATION OF CCA: Cross-correlation Analysis was applied to the 1995 Landsat image based on five groupings of the 1990 land cover. These are: (1) water, (2) deciduous forest, coniferous forest, and forested wetlands, (3) turf & grass, agriculture, and other grasses, (4) barren, and (5) non-forested and tidal wetlands. These groupings were selected because they exhibit similar spectral characteristics.

For each land cover grouping from the 1990 land cover, those pixels were extracted from the 1995 Landsat image. The "expected" class average spectral response was then calculated. The expected value is used to derive a Z-statistic for each pixel. The Z-statistic describes how close an individual pixel's spectral response is to the "expected" spectral response. Pixels that have undergone change between the 1990 land cover image and the 1995 Landsat image will have a high Z-statistic value while pixels that have not changed will have low Z-statistic values. Take for example, a pixel that was classified as forest in 1990 and developed in 1995 would have a large Z-statistic because of the difference in the spectral characteristics between an "expected" forest pixel in 1995 and the existing developed pixel in 1995.

Using visual analysis, extracted pixels were compared to the 1995 image data to determine the threshold between probable change pixels (above threshold) and no-changed pixels (below threshold). Those pixels identified as changed were extracted from the 1995 Landsat image.

This procedure was followed for each of the five land cover goupings.

Process_Date: 2002

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

CLASSIFICATION: For each of the five land cover groupings, ISODATA unsupervised classification was performed to identify the category to which each change pixel now belonged. After each of the five land cover groupings were classified and labeled, they were combined into a single classification layer. This layer was further edited using on-screen digitizing to eliminate apparent errors.

Process_Date: 2002-2003

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

COMBINE CLASSIFICATIONS: The 1995 changed pixel classification was merged with the 1990 land cover to produce an updated 1995 land cover classification consistent with the 1990 land cover.

Process_Date: 2002-2003

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: James D. Hurd

Contact_Organization:

Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR, The University of Connecticut

Contact_Position: Research Assistant III

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: The University of Connecticut

Address: U-87, Room 308, 1376 Storrs Road

City: Storrs

State_or_Province: Connecticut

Postal_Code: 06269-4087

Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (860) 468-2840

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (860) 486-5408

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: JAMES.HURD_JR@UConn.edu

Hours_of_Service: 9:00-5:00 Eastern Standard Time

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

DATA REVISION: Errors in how the analysis area was clipped were discovered in the 1995 land cover image version 1.01. The clip layer consists of the Connecticut state boundary, Massachusett towns that are part of the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor, and interecting local watershed boundaries. The problem existed for those areas outside the Connecticut state boundary and Massachusett towns due to the local watershed layer containing an X and Y shift. The result is that some areas were erroneously excluded from analysis. Landsat data was re-clipped using a corrected local watershed layer, classified, and fused with the original (version 1.01) land cover image.

Process_Date: December, 2003

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 5006

Column_Count: 5461

Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Conformal Conic

Lambert_Conformal_Conic:

Standard_Parallel: 41.200000

Standard_Parallel: 41.866667

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -72.750000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 40.833333

False_Easting: 999999.999996

False_Northing: 499999.999998

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 100.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 100.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: survey feet

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 1. Developed

Entity_Type_Definition:

High-density built-up areas typically associated with commercial, industrial and residential activities and transportation routes. These areas can be expected to contain a significant amount of impervious surfaces, roofs, roads, and other concrete and asphalt surfaces.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 2. Turf & Grass

Entity_Type_Definition:

A compound category of undifferentiated maintained grasses associated mostly with developed areas. This class contains cultivated lawns typical of residential neighborhoods, parks, cemeteries, golf courses, turf farms, and other maintained grassy areas. Also includes some agricultural fields due to similar spectral reflectance properties.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 3. Other Grasses & Agriculture

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes non-maintained grassy areas commonly found along transportation routes and other developed areas and also agricultural fields used for both crop production and pasture.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 4. Deciduous Forest

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes southern New England mixed hardwood forests. Also includes scrub areas characterized by patches of dense woody vegetation. May include isolated low density residential areas.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 5. Coniferous Forest

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes southern New England mixed softwood forests. May include isolated low density residential areas.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 6. Water

Entity_Type_Definition: Open water bodies and watercourses with relatively deep water.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 7. Non-forested Wetland

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes areas that predominately are wet throughout most of the year and that have a detectable vegetative cover (therefore not open water). Also includes some small water courses due to spectral characteristics of mixed pixels that include both water and vegetation.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 8. Forested Wetland

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes areas depicted as wetland, but with forested cover. Also includes some small water courses due to spectral characteristics of mixed pixels that include both water and vegetation.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 9. Tidal Wetland

Entity_Type_Definition:

Emergent wetlands, wet throughout most of the year, with distinctive marsh vegetation and located in areas influenced by tidal change.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 10. Barren Land

Entity_Type_Definition:

Mostly non-agricultural areas free from vegetation, such as sand, sand and gravel operations, bare exposed rock, mines, and quarries. Also includes some urban areas where the composition of construction materials spectrally resembles more natural materials. Also includes some bare soil agricultural fields.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 11. Utility Right-of-Ways

Entity_Type_Definition:

Includes utility rights-of-way. This category was manually digitized on-screen from rights-of-way visible in the Landsat satellite imagery. The class was digitized within the deciduous and coniferous categories only.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: CLEAR

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The 11 land cover categories represent general land cover features as they existed during the time of the Landsat Thematic Mapper image collection. These categories were selected based on the constraints of the source imagery, but also on the goals of the project. By maintaining general land cover categories, it can be expected that thematic accuracy will be higher.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR), The University of Connecticut

Contact_Person: Sandy Prisloe

Contact_Position: Geospatial Extension Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: UConn Cooperative Extension System

Address: 1066 Saybrook Road, PO Box 70

City: Haddam

State_or_Province: Connecticut

Postal_Code: 06438-0070

Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (860) 345-4511

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (860) 345-3357

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sprisloe@canr.uconn.edu

Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00 Eastern Standard Time

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Distribution_Liability:

These data are the intellectual property of the Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR) at the University of Connecticut. They may be used for educational and non-commercial purposes provided proper attribution is given. CLEAR permits but does not support secondary distribution of this data. CLEAR is committed to offering users accurate, useful, and current information about the state. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from the source data and processing may be reflected in the data supplied. The user must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to this data.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20031230

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Center for Land use Education And Research (CLEAR), The University of Connecticut

Contact_Person: James D. Hurd, Daniel L. Civco

Contact_Position: Research Assistant III, Associate Professor

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: The University of Connecticut

Address: U-87, Room 308, 1376 Storrs Road

City: Storrs

State_or_Province: Connecticut

Postal_Code: 06269-4087

Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (860) 486-2840

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (860) 486-5408

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: James.Hurd_Jr@UConn.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: clear@canr.uconn.edu

Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00 Eastern Standard Time

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile