What We're Measuring

curious trends: water vanishes and wetlands expand
 

Curious Trends: Water Vanishes and Wetlands Expand

Explanation

The decrease in the area of water can mostly be attributed to annual and seasonal variations in snow and rainfall. Below normal rainfall decreases the surface area of ponds and lakes.

1990 was more than 10 inches above average annual rainfall. 1995 had a rainfall deficit of over 4 inches, contributing to the trend of shrinking waterbodies. 2002 also had a moderate deficit, but it followed 2001 that had an extreme deficit—almost 10 inches.

In most cases, the lost water area became part of the wetland area resulting in a wetland area increase over the 17-year project period. As you can see in the table below, the vast majority of the area that water lost was converted to some type of wetland, especially non-forested wetland. This makes sense because shallow water, especially with plant life, is classified as non-forested wetland. When water levels are low, more shallow water areas are evident.

In many towns, the wetland percent increase is extremely large. Why? Because the wetland area is so small that even a small increase results in a large percentage.

 


Annual precipitation departure from mean rainfall for Connecticut. Source: NOAA
Northeast Regional Climate Center http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu.

Do you know the annual rainfall for Connecticut from 1985-1990? Please let us know!

Example

Tolland, CT (below) has several waterbodies that exemplify the temporary conversion from open water to wetland. Watch how the water areas (deep blue) change over the cycle to light blue (wetlands).

Summary Table of Water Gains and Losses

Take Home Message. There has been a loss of water area over the three time periods. The majority of the lost water area resulted in a gain of non-forested wetland area. Some of the lost water area was also converted to forested wetland.

Gains and Losses of Water in Connecticut for each time period below. All values are in acres.
 
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2002
 
change from water
change to water
Net gain or loss
change from water
change to water
Net gain or loss
change from water
change to water
Net gain or loss
Developed
279
1
-278
221
0
-221
123
1
-123
Turf and Grass
8
211
203
10
55
46
29
101
72
Other Grasses
233
431
198
413
148
-265
292
465
173
Forest*
1598
4560
2961
1766
1057
-709
3822
1997
-1825
Water
102439
102439
104736
104739
474228
474228
Non-forested Wetland
3399
221
-3178
1307
203
-1104
2061
143
-1918
Forested Wetland
1635
1306
-328
638
220
-418
992
324
-668
Tidal Wetland
311
285
-27
84
97
14
213
185
-28
Barren
248
431
182
711
354
-357
834
94
-740
TOTAL
110150
109885
-266
109885
106871
-3014
482595
477539
-5056

* Deciduous forest and coniferous forest have been combined.

First Column "1985-1990 change from water". The area, in acres, that was water in 1985 (or the first date in the time period) and changed to a different landcover by 1990 (or the second date). The different landcover coincides with the landcover class in the first column.

Second Column "1985-1990 change to water". The area, in acres, that was something other than water (as indicated by the class in the left column) in 1985 (or the first date) and changed to water by 1990 (or the second date).

Net gain or loss = red (negative). More water was lost to a class than was gained from that class. For example, between 1985 and 1990, 3399 acres was changed from water to non-forested wetland compared to 221 acres changing from non-forested wetland to water resulting in a net loss in water area.

Net gain or loss = black (positive). More water was gained from a class than was lost to that class. For example, between 1985 and 1990, only 8 acres were changed from water to turf and grass compared to a 211 acres that went from water to turf and grass resulting in a net increase of turf and grass.

Do you see a trend that we haven't mentioned? Email us. We'd like to know about it.

 

Comments or Suggestions? Email us at clear@uconn.edu.

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